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Facing a devastating financial crisis from 1997 to 1998, Indonesian authorities introduced some key interventions and policy reforms intended to recover and improve the banking system performance and soundness. This study investigates the development of the market structure and performance of the post-crisis Indonesian banking system, covering the period 2000 to 2008. For assessing the market structure, this study employs the k-index and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) to measure the concentration level, and Panzar and Rosse methodology to evaluate the competition status. For examining performance, this study analyzes efficiency and productivity growth by employing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index, respectively. The empirical findings suggest that the market structure improved, indicated by declining concentration and improving competition. Although the CRS technical efficiency, VRS technical efficiency, scale efficiency and allocative efficiency were moderately high and on a recovery trend, productivity growth slightly declined.